Like it or not, injuries are a part of life. And if you’re an athlete or active individual, this fact is more likely to ring true, as you’re bound to experience an injury from time to time—or perhaps even more often.

After an injury occurs, the question that’s top of mind for most athletes is almost always the same: “how long before I can return?” The response to this question from trainers, physical therapists, and other professionals who work with athletes is often something along the lines of “it’s complicated,” which is accurate due to the various factors and nuances involved in each individual injury. However, there are some general concepts and timelines that can help to give you a better idea of what to expect the next time you get injured.

Perhaps the most important concept to understand in this discussion is that although proper rehabilitation can significantly reduce pain levels and help patients regain lost physical function, there are limits to how much the recovery process can be sped up. Injuries cause damage and irritation of one or more structures—sometimes extensively—and it can take a fair amount of time for these structures to repair and remodel afterwards. The amount of blood flow to different tissues and structures also varies widely, which directly affects the amount of time needed for healing. Finally, the severity of an injury will—unsurprisingly—impact healing time, with more severe injuries typically taking longer to heal than mild injuries.

For more context, below is a list of the average time for tissue healing of several commonly injured structures based on a comprehensive literature review:

• Muscle strain
  
  
  
  • Grade 1: 2–8 weeks
  
  
  • Grade 2: 2–4 months
  
  
  • Grade 3: 9–12 months
  
  


• Ligament injury
  
  
  
  • Grade 1: 2–8 weeks
  
  
  • Grade 2: 2–6 months
  
  
  • Grade 3: 9–12 months
  
  
  • Surgical repair (eg, ACL): 12+ months
  
  


• Tendon injury
  
  
  
  • Acute: 2–6 weeks
  
  
  • Subacute: 2–4 months
  
  
  • Chronic: 3–9 months
  
  
  • Tear, surgical repair, or rupture: 4–12+ months
  
  


• Other injuries
  
  
  
  • Bone fracture: 6–12+ weeks
  
  
  • Articular cartilage: 9–24 months
  
  
  • Meniscus/labrum: 3–12 months
  
  

As you can see, the range for healing times is rather wide for some of these injuries—especially severe ones—which highlights the difficulty of predicting an accurate timetable for returning to sports. Other factors that influence healing time include how much the injured area is loaded, inflammation, cardiovascular health, nutrition, hydration, and sleep, as taking good general care of one’s body can speed up the recovery process. It’s also important to recognize that when pain is no longer detected, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the tissue has completely healed or remodeled. And on the flip side, the presence of pain does not necessarily indicate that there is significant tissue damage. Once again, each injury must be examined on a case–by–case basis by an expert who understands how injuries heal and when it’s safe to return to activity.

Physical therapy plays a pivotal role in facilitating recovery


Physical therapists are experts that specialize in helping patients recover from injuries as safely and efficiently as possible. And while we may not have the ability to speed up or change human biology, we do believe that physical therapy can play an essential part in the rehabilitation of most injuries. In each patient encounter we work towards several goals that all contribute to facilitating and expediting injury recovery, including the following:



• Determine an accurate diagnosis and prognosis


• Avoid or modify aggravating factors


• Reduce symptoms, normalize joint motion, minimize swelling


• Address factors that caused the injury or are making it an ongoing problem


• Monitor progress and help with exacerbation and recurrences


• Develop a long–term plan to reduce the risk for injury recurrence



As physical therapists who deal with injured patients constantly, we understand the frustration of not being given an exact timetable after an injury, but as we’ve shown you, predicting healing times is not an exact science. Injuries are tough, and not knowing when you’ll return is sometimes even tougher. But you should take solace in knowing that a physical therapist will always have your best interests and long–term health in mind, and that all decisions will be based on helping to ensure that you can continue doing what you love long into the future.